PART OF SPEECH UNIT: 3

PART OF SPEECH

part of speech	function or "job"	example words	example sentences
Verb	action or state	(to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must	EnglishClub is a web site. I like EnglishClub.
Noun	thing or person	pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John	This is my dog. He lives in my house. We live in London.
Adjective	describes a noun	good, big, red, well, interesting	My dogs are big. I like big dogs.
Determiner	limits or "determines" a noun	a/an, the, 2, some, many	I have two dogs and some rabbits.
Adverb	describes a verb, adjective or adverb	quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really	My dog eats quickly. When he is very hungry, he eats really quickly.
Pronoun	replaces a noun	I, you, he, she, some	Tara is Indian.  She is beautiful.
Preposition	links a noun to another word	to, at, after, on, but	We went to school on Monday.
Conjunction	joins clauses or sentences or words	and, but, when	I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats.
Interjection	short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence	oh!, ouch!, hi!, well	Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know.

* Some grammar sources traditionally categorize English into 8 parts of speech. Other say 10. At EnglishClub, we use the more recent categorization of 9 parts of speech. Examples of other categorizations are:

• Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech:
  • lexical Verbs (work, like, run)
  • auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)
• Determiners may be treated as adjectives, instead of being a separate part of speech.

Parts of Speech Examples

Here are some sentences made with different English parts of speech:

verb Stop!

noun verb John works.

noun verb verb John is working.

pronoun verb noun She loves animals.

noun verb adjective noun Animals like kind people.

noun verb noun adverb Tara speaks English well.

noun verb adjective noun Tara speaks      good English.

pronoun	verb	preposition	determiner	noun	adverb
She	ran	to	the	station	quickly.

pron.	verb	adj.	noun	conjunction	pron.	verb	pron.
She	likes	big	snakes	but	I	hate	them.

Here is a sentence that contains every part of speech:

interjection	pron.	conj.	det.	adj.	noun	verb	prep.	noun	adverb
Well,	she	and	my	young	John	walk	to	school	slowly.

*For more information visit this website:

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech-table.htm

COGNATE WORDS

Prof.REIDY HERRERA

UDO.MONAGAS

UNIT: II

COGNATES

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.In etymology, the cognate category excludesdoublets and loanwords. The word cognate derives from the Latin noun cognatus, which means "blood relative".

SOME EXAMPLES OF COGNATES IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH:

English	Spanish
family	familia
center	centro
radio	radio
class	clase
desert	desierto
magic	magia
gorilla	gorila

False cognates

      False cognates are words that people commonly believe are related (have a common origin), but that linguistic examination reveals are unrelated. For example, on the basis of superficial similarities, the Latin verb habēre and German haben, both meaning 'to have', appear to be cognates. However, because of the way words in the two languages evolved from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots, they cannot be cognate (see for example Grimm's law). German haben, like English have, comes from PIE *kh₂pyé- 'to grasp', and its real cognate in Latin is capere, 'to seize, grasp, capture'. Latin habēre, on the other hand, is from PIE *gʰabʰ, 'to give, to receive', and hence cognate with English give and German geben.

Likewise, English much and Spanish mucho look similar and have a similar meaning but are not cognates, as they evolved from different roots: much from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz < PIE *meǵ- and mucho from Latin multum < PIE *mel-.

SOME EXAMPLES :

English	Spanish
globe	globo (balloon)
pie	pie (foot)
rope	ropa (clothes)
soap	sopa (soup or pasta)
large	largo (long)
exit	éxito (success)
	Common Greek and Latin roots that are cognates in English and Spanish Root                    Meaning                Origin                         English         Examples                Spanish        Examples aud                         hear                     Latin                          auditorium        audition                   auditorio      audición astir                      star                        Greek                        astrology        astronaut                astrología    astronauta bio                        life                          Greek                      biography           biology                  biografía         biología dict speak,           tell                          Latin                          dictate              dictator                     dicta            dictador mit, mis               send                        Latin                         mission            transmit                   misión       transmitir ped                      foot                          Latin                           pedal                pedestal                   pedal             pedestal phon                  sound                     Greek                          phoneme         microphone               fonema        micrófono port                    carry                       Latin                          transport            portable                   transportar       portatil

For more information check these links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/cognate

http://www.realfastspanish.com/vocabulary/spanish-cognates

http://www.cognates.org/img/chart.png

http://www.tutorpal.com/Our_English/indo_european/images/cogw2.gif


EXERCISE ACTIVITY: For practicing this topic please click on  following link:


www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=14492

Food technologist: job description

Food technologists are responsible for the safe and efficient development, modification and manufacture of food products and processes.

What does a food technologist do? Typical employers |Qualifications and training | Key skills

Food technologists plan the manufacture of food and drink products and can work in a wide range of settings, including kitchens, factories, laboratories and offices. Consequently, specific responsibilities vary greatly but may include:

• generating new product ideas and recipes
• modifying and improving existing recipes
• designing processes and machinery for the production of recipes on a large scale
• liaising with marketing staff
• ensuring that strict hygiene food safety standards are met
• identifying and choosing products from suppliers
• monitoring the use of additives
• testing and examining samples
• writing reports

You can find out more about this job role by reading our overview of product technology and food technology

Typical employers

Employers of food technologists include food manufacturing and retail companies, universities, government organisations and specialist research associations/consultancies.

Opportunities are advertised by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in newspapers and specialist publications including Food Manufacture, both online and in print. Early applications are advisable to larger employers. Speculative applications are also recommended, for which directories such as theIngredients Network may be useful.

There are reasonable opportunities for advancement into senior technologist/managerial positions, providing that employees are able to change employer or to relocate if necessary.

Qualifications and training required

There are routes into a food technology career for both university graduates and school leavers. Graduates will need a degree in an appropriate subject, such as food science/technology, food/chemical engineering, biochemistry, nutrition, microbiology or chemistry. Possession of a food-related postgraduate qualification can be beneficial, particularly for candidates without a relevant first degree. Job shadowing, networking and vacation placements can be helpful, and candidates possessing food industry work experience are often at an advantage. Experience can be gained via food production line employment or by working as a technician.

As a school leaver, you could get into this career through an apprenticeship or an entry-level role. Unilever, for example, offers a research and development higher apprenticeship, working on its food and drink products. To find out more about how you can get into this career via a school leaver route (eg an apprenticeship or school leaver training programme) see the science section of TARGETcareers, our website aimed at school leavers.

• Find out how Vanessa Fursden got her job as a food technologist at Marks & Spencer and read hertop tips for landing a job in this area here.

Keys skills for food technologists

• Excellent written and oral communication skills
• Good teamworking abilities
• Confidence
• The ability to work independently
• Meticulous attention to detail, especially with regard to food hygiene and safety
• Strong analytical and numerical skills

*NOTE: .-Please, check thess links   bellow for more information about your career 
or if you need to translate any word or phrase from the reading.

//www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/food-technologist
http://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?
translate.google.com/?hl=es