COGNATE WORDS

Prof.REIDY HERRERA

UDO.MONAGAS

UNIT: II

COGNATES

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.In etymology, the cognate category excludesdoublets and loanwords. The word cognate derives from the Latin noun cognatus, which means "blood relative".

SOME EXAMPLES OF COGNATES IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH:

English	Spanish
family	familia
center	centro
radio	radio
class	clase
desert	desierto
magic	magia
gorilla	gorila

False cognates

      False cognates are words that people commonly believe are related (have a common origin), but that linguistic examination reveals are unrelated. For example, on the basis of superficial similarities, the Latin verb habēre and German haben, both meaning 'to have', appear to be cognates. However, because of the way words in the two languages evolved from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots, they cannot be cognate (see for example Grimm's law). German haben, like English have, comes from PIE *kh₂pyé- 'to grasp', and its real cognate in Latin is capere, 'to seize, grasp, capture'. Latin habēre, on the other hand, is from PIE *gʰabʰ, 'to give, to receive', and hence cognate with English give and German geben.

Likewise, English much and Spanish mucho look similar and have a similar meaning but are not cognates, as they evolved from different roots: much from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz < PIE *meǵ- and mucho from Latin multum < PIE *mel-.

SOME EXAMPLES :

English	Spanish
globe	globo (balloon)
pie	pie (foot)
rope	ropa (clothes)
soap	sopa (soup or pasta)
large	largo (long)
exit	éxito (success)
	Common Greek and Latin roots that are cognates in English and Spanish Root                    Meaning                Origin                         English         Examples                Spanish        Examples aud                         hear                     Latin                          auditorium        audition                   auditorio      audición astir                      star                        Greek                        astrology        astronaut                astrología    astronauta bio                        life                          Greek                      biography           biology                  biografía         biología dict speak,           tell                          Latin                          dictate              dictator                     dicta            dictador mit, mis               send                        Latin                         mission            transmit                   misión       transmitir ped                      foot                          Latin                           pedal                pedestal                   pedal             pedestal phon                  sound                     Greek                          phoneme         microphone               fonema        micrófono port                    carry                       Latin                          transport            portable                   transportar       portatil

For more information check these links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/cognate

http://www.realfastspanish.com/vocabulary/spanish-cognates

http://www.cognates.org/img/chart.png

http://www.tutorpal.com/Our_English/indo_european/images/cogw2.gif


EXERCISE ACTIVITY: For practicing this topic please click on  following link:


www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=14492